Method and Apparatus for Handling Channel Termination Orders in a Spectrum Controlled Network

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus for handling channel termination in a spectrum-controlled wireless communication network and bringing power back up to resume normal operation. The network includes Base Stations/Access Points (BS/APs) in communication with a number of User Equipment devices (UEs) within the coverage area over wireless channels. When a channel termination order is received, the network identifies at least one BS/AP communicating on the prohibited channel and designates at least one BS/AP not transmitting on the prohibited channel which is allowed to increase transmission power. The system gradually reduces power on the impacted BS/AP and gradually increases power on the designated BS/AP to induce handoff to provide a smooth transition and avoid service interruptions to connected UEs. In one embodiment the wireless network is a Citizen&#39;s Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) network, and the BS/APs are located at an enterprise location and form part of an enterprise network.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS—CLAIM OR PRIORITY

The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 62/986,589, filed Mar. 6, 2020, entitled “Method and Apparatus forDetermining and Utilizing Available Spectrum in a Spectrum ControlledNetwork, and Handling Suspension Orders”, which is herein incorporatedby reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The disclosed method and apparatus relate to wireless communicationnetworks that include a plurality of Base Station/Access Points (BS/APs)operating wireles sly in a spectrum-controlled radio environment inwhich one or more channels may be terminated by a remote entity, andmore particularly to methods and apparatus for efficiently terminating achannel and reconfiguring the network when a channel termination orderis received from the remote entity.

Background

The wireless industry has experienced tremendous growth in recent years.Wireless technology is rapidly improving, and faster and more numerousbroadband communication networks have been installed around the globe.These networks have now become key components of a worldwidecommunication system that connects people and businesses at speeds andon a scale unimaginable just a couple of decades ago. The rapid growthof wireless communication is a result of increasing demand for morebandwidth and services. This rapid growth is in many ways supported bystandards. For example, 4G LTE has been widely deployed over the pastyears, and the next generation system, 5G NR (New Radio) is now beingdeployed. In these wireless systems, multiple mobile devices are servedvoice services, data services, and many other services over wirelessconnections so they may remain mobile while still connected.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a basic configuration for a communicationnetwork 100, such as a “4G LTE” (fourth generation Long-Term Evolution)or “5G NR” (fifth generation New Radio) network. Through this networkconfiguration, user equipment (UE) 101 a and 101 b can connect toExternal Packet Data Networks (PDNs) 103 and access any of a variety ofservices such as the Internet, Application Servers, Data Services, VoiceServices, and others.

The UEs 101 a and 101 b connect wirelessly over respective communicationlinks 105 a and 105 b to a Radio Access Network (RAN) 107 that includesa base station/access point (BS/AP) 109. One of the advantages of suchnetworks is their ability to provide communications to and from multiplewireless devices and provide these wireless devices with access to alarge number of other devices and services even though the devices maybe mobile and moving from location to location.

UE

As used herein, the term “UE’ refers to a wide range of user deviceshaving wireless connectivity, such as a cellular mobile phone, anInternet of Things (IOT) device, virtual reality goggles, roboticdevices, autonomous driving machines, smart barcode scanners, andcommunications equipment including for example cell phones, desktopcomputers, laptop computers, tablets and other types of personalcommunications devices. In some cases, the UEs may be mobile; in othercases, they may be installed at a fixed location. For example, a factorysensor may be installed at a fixed location from which it can remotelymonitor an assembly line or a robotic arm's movement.

BS/AP

The term ‘BS/AP” is used broadly herein to include base stations andaccess points, including at least an evolved NodeB (eNB) of an LTEnetwork or gNodeB of a 5G network, a cellular base station (BS), aCitizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) (which may be an LTE or5G device), a Wi-Fi access node, a Local Area Network (LAN) accesspoint, a Wide Area Network (WAN) access point, and should also beunderstood to include other network receiving hubs that provide accessto a network of a plurality of wireless transceivers within range of theBS/AP. Typically, the BS/APs are used as transceiver hubs, whereas theUEs are used for point-to-point communication and are not used as hubs.Therefore, the BS/APs transmit at a relatively higher power than theUEs.

Core Network

The RAN 107 connects the UEs 101 with the Core Network 111. One functionof the Core Network 111 is to provide control of wireless signalingbetween the UEs 101 and the RAN 107, and another function is to provideaccess to other devices and services either within its network, or onother networks such as the External PDNs 103. Particularly, in cellularnetworks and in private networks, the BS/AP 109 can receive wirelesssignals from, and send wireless signals to, the UEs 101. The RAN 107 iscoupled to the core network 111; therefore, the RAN 107 and the CoreNetwork 111 provide a system that allows information to flow between aUE in the cellular or private network and other networks, such as thePublic Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or the Internet. Wireless datatransmission between a UE 101 and the BS/AP 109 occurs on an assignedchannel, such as a specific frequency. Data transmission between theBS/AP 109 and the Core Network 111 utilizes any appropriatecommunication means, such as wireless, cable, and fiber optic.

In addition to providing access to remote networks and allowinginformation to flow between the cellular network and the external PDNs103, the Core Network 111 provides control of the air interface betweenthe BS/AP 119 and the UEs 101. The Core Network 111 may also coordinatethe BS/APs 109 to minimize interference within the network.

CBRS Networks

Recently, the US Federal Government finalized rules (Rule 96) that allowgeneral access to an area of the frequency spectrum referred to as the(Citizen's Broadband Radio Service) CBRS. CBRS, which is a key elementof an advanced communication network referred to as “5G”, operates in a150 MHz wide frequency range from 3.55 GHz to 3.7 GHz. The CBRS rulesset forth detailed requirements for the devices that operate in a CBRSnetwork and how they communicate. CBRS supports both LTE and 5G devices.Base stations within a CBRS network are termed “CBSDs”, and UEs aretermed End User Devices (EUDs). CBSDs are fixed Stations, or networks ofsuch stations, that operate on a Priority Access or General AuthorizedAccess basis in the Citizens Broadband Radio Service consistent withTitle 47 CFR Part 96 of the United States Code of Federal Regulations(CFR). For CBSDs that comprise multiple nodes or networks of nodes, CBSDrequirements apply to each node, even if network management andcommunication with the SAS is accomplished via a single networkinterface.

The CBRS rules require that a Spectrum Access System (SAS) allocatespectrum to the CBSDs to avoid interference within the CBRS band. TheSpectrum Access System (SAS) is a service, typically cloud-based, thatmanages the spectrum used in wireless communications of devicestransmitting in the CBRS band in order to prevent harmful interferenceto higher priority users, such as the military and priority licensees.

A CBRS device (CBSD) needs authorization from the SAS before starting totransmit in the CBRS band. Generally, the SAS authorizes and manages useof spectrum for the CBRS. More specifically, the SAS maintains recordsof all authorized services and CBSDs in the CBRS frequency bands, iscapable of determining the available channel at a specific geographiclocation, provides information on available channels to CBSDs that havebeen certified under the Commission's equipment authorizationprocedures, determines and enforces maximum power levels for CBSDs,enforces protection criteria for Incumbent Users and Priority AccessLicensees, and performs other functions as set forth in the FederalCommunications Commission (FCC) rules.

Communications and Messaging between the CBSDs and the SAS

Each CBSD in the network must follow the direction provided by the SAS,as per the rules, in order to operate within a CBRS network and avoidinterference with other CBSDs outside the network, as well as to preventinterference with nearby Priority Access License (PAL users) andmilitary activities in the CBRS band. To maintain communication betweenthe CBSDs and the SAS, a series of messages are exchanged between theSAS and the CBSD (or Domain Proxy). These message exchanges are forpurposes including registration, spectrum inquiry, grant, and heartbeatresponse. The messages may be exchanged directly between each CBSD andthe SAS; however, when a network includes multiple CBSDs, a Domain Proxy(DP) may be implemented. A DP is a unit that represents one or moreCBSD(s) to the SAS.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram that shows a Domain Proxy 201 connectedbetween a plurality of CBSDs 203 and an SAS 207. When a Domain Proxy isimplemented, it manages all transactions between the CBSDs and the SASby proxying the messages and facilitating functions such as channelarbitration, proxied heartbeat responses, and so forth. In other works,in a network that has multiple CBSDs 203, the DP 201 is connected toeach of the CBSDs to act as a proxy for all SAS transactions and conveysall messages pertaining to the SAS-CBSD interface 209 for client CBSDs203. Accordingly, the DP 201 presents a consistent and secure interfaceto the SAS 207, and in large enterprise deployments, a DP 201 may bedeployed to minimize the high count of SSL/TLS connections that wouldotherwise be required for individual CBSDs. In some cases, CBRS rules doallow an individual CBSD, such as the CBDS 205, to communicate directlywith the SAS 207.

The Spectrum Sharing Committee Work Group 3 (for CBRS Protocols) hasestablished an interface specification for registering a CBSD with anSAS, requesting a grant of spectrum, and maintaining that grant. Thesemessage flows are described in the document titled “Signaling Protocolsand Procedures for Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS): SpectrumAccess System (SAS)—Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD)Interface Technical Specification”, Document WINNF-TS-0016-V1.2.4. 26Jun. 2019.

Registering a CBSD with the SAS requires certain information, includingthe CBSD's EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power), which is themeasured radiated power of an antenna in a specific direction. As perthe current 5G specification, based upon the announced EIRP, the classof the CBSD, and other information, the SAS may admit or reject arequest. The announced EIRP is one among many admission criteria. Aftera successful registration with the SAS, (i.e., after the CBSD isadmitted), the CBSD can inquire with the SAS to check for spectrumavailability with a spectrum inquiry procedure. In its response to thespectrum inquiry, the SAS indicates availability of channels and theassociated maximum EIRP allowed on each of those available channels.Since the SAS is the primary spectrum arbitrating entity, the SAS musthave knowledge of CBSD locations and/or measurements of channels (e.g.,RSSI scans) on one or more channels in the vicinity of the CBSD.

For example, if a CBSD #1 registers with the SAS, indicating its EIRPcapability as X dBm, the SAS may deem CBSD #1 as capable of causinginterference to other CBSDs (#2, . . . #n) that the SAS knows to beoperational in that vicinity (i.e., already registered and operationalon certain channels). To address this problem, and limit interference onthe channels that are already in use by other CBSDs (#2, . . . , #n) theSAS may indicate those channels as “unavailable”. The SAS may typicallymake these determinations based on propagation modeling and otherempirical methods implemented. Before and during the registrationprocess, the CBSD (or DP) conventionally doesn't know how much power isavailable on each channel, so it registers with an intended power. It isonly after a spectrum inquiry that the CBSD can know for sure if thespectrum is available or not. If the CBSD registers with a high power,then when spectrum is requested, the request may be denied if thespectrum is unavailable at that high power. However, if duringregistration CBSD #1 would have indicated its intention to transmit at alesser power Y dBm (e.g., Y=X−3), the SAS would have been able todetermine that CBSD #1 would not interfere with the other CBSDs (#2 . .. #n) on some or all of the channels that were indicated as unavailableearlier when registration indicated EIRP capability as “X”. However, ifa lesser power is requested first, then there is the possibility that itcould have registered at a higher power which would provide broader andbetter coverage.

Regardless of complexities, the CBRS band provides an opportunity tocreate new wireless networks, and there is a desire for utilizing andmaking maximum use of spectrum in the CBRS band while following therules pertaining the CBRS usage, including effectively responding todirections from the SAS.

Once channels authorized (granted) and the system is operating, thespectrum controlling entity (the SAS in the CBRS system) may need tosuspend or terminate operations on one or more channels in order toaccommodate higher priority users, for example. In such a circumstance,after a termination order is received, any BS/APs transmitting on theprohibited channel must stop transmitting within a specified timeperiod. In order to maintain connectivity for any UEs connected to theimpacted BS/APs, communication must be transferred to another BS/APbefore transmissions on that channel cease. Accordingly, following achannel termination, there is a need for a smooth transition of any UEsthat may be connected to the impacted BS/APs to another BS/AP.

SUMMARY

Enterprises have been moving towards digital solutions and this includesoptimization of compute, storage and networking infrastructure foroptimal performance of their business applications within their businesslocation. For this purpose, wireless network systems are being developedto make effective use of the spectrum within a business enterprise forwireless communication, in order to improve communication capabilitieswithin the organization and between the organization and the externalentities. These improved communication capabilities can increasebusiness efficiency and reduce costs.

One type of wireless network that has recently become available forgeneral use within business enterprise locations is a CBRS network,which utilizes the CBRS radio band of 3550-3700 MHz, nominally dividedinto fifteen channels of 10 MHz each. In order to make this spectrumavailable, however, certain prior users (including the military) havebeen given a higher priority to access the spectrum. In order toimplement this system, and ensure that certain users are given higherpriority, use of this radio band is subject to spectrum control by aSpectrum Access System (SAS). Any enterprise implementing a CBRS networkmust follow the directions given by the SAS, such as which channels itcan use and how much power it can transmit. In some instances,previously authorized channels may be suspended (temporary suspension ofgrant) or fully terminated (permanent termination of grant) by the SAS,and the CBRS network is given a fixed period of time (sixty secondscurrently) to terminate transmissions on that channel.

Various embodiments of a wireless communication network operating in aspectrum-controlled radio band are disclosed.

In one implementation, a wireless communication network that uses aspectrum-controlled radio band such as CBRS includes an apparatus forhandling a channel termination order received from a spectrum accesssystem (SAS). The wireless communication network includes a plurality ofBase Stations/Access Points (BS/APs) located within an area, and theBS/APs can communicate with a number of User Equipment devices (UEs)within the coverage area over a plurality of wireless channels. Thechannel termination order from the SAS is received by a domain proxy,and the order identifies a prohibited channel. All communications overthis prohibited channel must be terminated within a time period. Theapparatus includes a domain proxy connected to the SAS and the BS/APsand is configured to communicate with the SAS and the BS/APs andparticularly receive the channel termination order. The apparatus alsoincludes an Automatic Configuration Server (ACS) connected to the domainproxy and the BS/APs. The ACS is configured to manage operations of theBS/APs. The ACS is also configured to identify at least one BS/AP thatis communicating on the prohibited channel and therefore is impacted bythe channel termination order, designate at least one of the BS/APs thatis not transmitting on the prohibited channel, and is allowed toincrease transmission power, gradually reduce the transmission power onthe at least one impacted BS/AP during the time period to induceimpacted UEs connected to the impacted BS/AP to handoff to anon-impacted BS/AP, and gradually increase the transmission power of theat least one designated BS/AP to receive a handoff from at least one ofthe impacted UEs. Therefore, during this time period and before alltransmission on the prohibited channel must cease, the impacted UEspreviously communicating with the impacted BS/AP can changecommunication from the impacted BS/AP to the designated BS/AP.

In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a Self-Organizing Network(SON) unit connected to the domain proxy, the ACS and the BS/APs In thisembodiment the SON unit is configured to define a plurality of primaryBS/APs that collectively provide wireless coverage substantially overthe entire area, and that are authorized to transmit at higher powerthan other available channels. In this embodiment the ACS is configuredto designate at least one of the primary BS/APs to gradually increasethe transmission power on a non-impacted channel.

An embodiment is also disclosed to bring power back up on thepreviously-impacted BS/AP to resume normal operation. In this embodimentthe domain proxy is configured to receive authorization for transmissionon a channel, and the ACS is configured, subsequent to handoff ofimpacted UEs, to direct the previously impacted BS/AP to transmit on theauthorized channel and increase the transmission power of the authorizedchannel, and to direct the primary BS/AP to decrease transmission power,to induce UEs to handoff from the primary BS/AP to the previouslyimpacted BS/AP which is currently transmitting on the authorizedchannel.

In one embodiment, the wireless network is configured to operate in theCitizen's Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) radio band, the BS/APs compriseCBRS Devices (CBSDs) that are located at an enterprise location and formpart of an enterprise network. The area in which the BS/APs areinstalled may comprise a floor space within an enterprise location, andthe BS/APs define at least part of an enterprise network.

A method is disclosed to respond to a channel termination order receivedby a wireless communication network. The network includes a plurality ofBase Stations/Access Points (BS/APs) located within an area, and theBS/APs communicate with a plurality of User Equipment devices (UEs) on aplurality of wireless channels. The method includes the steps ofreceiving a termination order that identifies a prohibited channel,thereby requiring the wireless network to terminate communication on theprohibited channel within a time period, identifying at least one BS/APthat is communicating on the prohibited channel and therefore isimpacted by the channel termination order, designating at least one ofthe BS/APs that is not transmitting on the prohibited channel, and isallowed to increase transmission power, gradually reducing thetransmission power on the at least one impacted BS/AP during the timeperiod to induce impacted UEs connected to the impacted BS/AP to handoffto a non-impacted BS/AP; and gradually increasing the transmission powerof the at least one designated BS/AP to receive a handoff from at leastone of the impacted UEs. Therefore at least one impacted UEs previouslycommunicating with the impacted BS/AP changes communication from theimpacted BS/AP to the designated BS/AP.

In some embodiments the step of designating at least one BS/AP that isnot transmitting on a prohibited channel further comprises designatingat least one of a plurality of primary BS/APs that collectively provideswireless coverage substantially over the entire area, and that areauthorized to transmit at higher power than other available channels;and the step of gradually increasing the transmission power includesincreasing the transmission power of at least one of the primary BS/APs.Advantageously, designating a primary BS/AP to receive handoffs can beadvantageous for system performance in this situation.

A method is also disclosed to bring power back up on the previouslyimpacted BS/AP, and down on the primary BS/AP to resume normaloperation. In one embodiment of this method, subsequent to handoff ofthe impacted UEs, the system receives authorization for transmission ona channel, and directs the previously-impacted BS/AP to transmit on theauthorized channel. The transmission power on the authorized channel onthe previously impacted BS/AP is gradually increased while graduallydecreasing the transmission power of the at least one primary BS/AP. Asa result, the previously-impacted UEs are induced to handoff from theprimary BS/AP to the previously impacted BS/AP, which is nowtransmitting on the newly-authorized channel.

In some embodiments the wireless network operates on the Citizen'sBroadband Radio Service (CBRS band), the BS/APs comprise CBRS Devices(CBSDs) that are located at an enterprise location and form part of anenterprise network, a Spectrum Access System (SAS) provides the channeltermination order, and the channel termination order is one of asuspension order and a termination order. In the CBRS embodiment thetime period is predetermined, and at least one of the UEs previouslyconnected to the impacted BS/AP transfers communications to thedesignated BS/AP during the predetermined time period, substantiallywithout interruption in service.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosed method and apparatus, in accordance with one or morevarious embodiments, is described with reference to the followingfigures. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only andmerely depict examples of some embodiments of the disclosed method andapparatus. These drawings are provided to facilitate the reader'sunderstanding of the disclosed method and apparatus. They should not beconsidered to limit the breadth, scope, or applicability of the claimedinvention. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustrationthese drawings are not necessarily made to scale.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a basic configuration for a communicationnetwork, such as a “4G LTE” (fourth generation Long-Term Evolution) or“5G NR” (fifth generation New Radio) network.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a communication network showing a DomainProxy connected between a plurality of CBSDs and an SAS.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a wireless communication network including anoperator network connected to a Spectrum Management Entity (SME) and anenterprise network including a plurality of BS/APs deployed within anenterprise location.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing operations of the dimensioning process.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an enterprise location and a plurality ofBS/APs installed within the enterprise location, showing an example ofpositioning the BS/APs within the enterprise location.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the enterprise location as in FIG. 5,showing the minimum number (M) of BS/APs as in the example of FIG. 5,and also showing an example installation of supplemental BS/APs.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of steps to iteratively register and make spectruminquiries for the purpose of mapping the available spectrum andallocating channels to the BS/APs in the enterprise network.

FIG. 8 is a pseudocode diagram showing iterative steps during theregistration and spectrum inquiry procedure of the BS/APs in oneembodiment of the enterprise network.

FIG. 9 is a chart showing results of a series of iterations ofregistrations and spectrum inquires by the Domain Proxy in one example.

FIG. 10 is a grant state diagram of a CBSD in a CBRS system, showingstates and transitions between the Idle state, Granted state, andAuthorized states.

FIG. 11A is a process diagram that shows, over time, a series ofmessages, actions, and the state of the enterprise network afternotification of suspension/termination of a channel.

FIG. 11B is an illustration of the BS/APs within an enterprise location,showing all BS/APs in an initial operational state in which the BS/APshave all been assigned channels, and are all in an operational state.

FIG. 11C is an illustration of the BS/APs within an enterprise locationafter the suspension order has been received, identifying the BS/APsimpacted by suspension/termination of the grant of their currentchannel.

FIG. 11D is a process flow diagram that shows operations to reduce poweron the impacted BS/APs and increase power on other, designated BS/APs.

FIG. 11E is an illustration of the BS/APs within an enterprise locationafter the suspension order has been received, the impacted BS/APs havebeen identified, and other BS/APs have been identified that can increasepower and expand coverage to compensate for the loss in coverage thatwould otherwise exist when the impacted BS/APs reduce coverage.

FIG. 11F is a process diagram illustrating the process of re-introducingthe previously-impacted BS/APs into the enterprise network over time.

The figures are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claimedinvention to the precise form disclosed. It should be understood thatthe disclosed method and apparatus can be practiced with modificationand alteration, and that the invention should be limited only by theclaims and the equivalents thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION (1) 4G and 5G Communication Networks and Systems

Communication networks and system components are described herein usingterminology and components relating to CBRS systems and their approved(registered) interfaces including 4G (LTE) (IEEE 802.16e), 5G NR 3GPP TS38.300, E_UTRA (3GPP TS 36.300) communication systems. For instance, theterm “CBSD” is one implementation of a Base Station/Access Point(BS/AP), and used herein for descriptive purposes in the context of aCBRS system. The principles of the communication network describedherein more widely apply to other communication networks and systems,and particularly to any spectrum-controlled communication system andnetwork.

(2) Enterprises and Enterprise Networks

An implementation in the context of an enterprise network is describedherein. Although described in the context of an enterprise network, theprinciples disclosed can also apply to any private network and moregenerally public networks. An enterprise network is one type of privatenetwork. Private networks are operated for use within a limited area bya limited group of authorized users, whereas public networks generallycover a larger area and are open for use by anyone that subscribes tothe service by the network operator. An enterprise network is created atan enterprise location such as a warehouse, factory, research center orother building, and is usually operated by an organization for its ownuse. Other types of private networks may be operated by a privatenetwork manager for use by more than one organization.

(3) Communication Network

Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which is a diagram of a wirelesscommunication network in which the system described herein can beimplemented. A plurality of BS/APs 301, 303, 305, 306 are deployed in anenterprise location 300. In FIG. 3, each BS/AP has a range representedby the circle, which approximately represents its wireless coverage. TheBS/APs may be CBSDs in a CBRS systems. A first UE 302 is wirelesslyconnected to a first BS/AP 301, which is providing service to it. Asecond UE 304 is wirelessly connected to a second BS/AP 303, and isproviding service to that second UE 304. All the BS/APs are connected toa PDN 320 by any appropriate communications means, such as wire, fiberoptic, and wireless radio. The PDN 320 provides a connection to anoperator network 322 that includes an OAM Server 307, a SON assist unit308, a Domain Proxy 309, an Automatic Configuration Server (ACS) 310 anda Location Database 311, all of which are connected to each other withinthe operator network 322 by any appropriate means. The operator networkis connected to an SAS 312, which is connected to a Spectrum Database313 that includes data regarding the spectrum that it is managing.Collectively, the SAS 312 and the Spectrum Database 313 are referred toas a Spectrum Management Entity (SME) 314.

According to the IETF definition of OAM (RFC 6291 definition) thecomponents of the “OAM” acronym are defined as follows:

Operations—Operation activities are undertaken to keep the network (andthe services that the network provides) up and running. It includesmonitoring the network and finding problems. Ideally these problemsshould be found before users are affected.

Administration—Administration activities involve keeping track ofresources in the network and how they are used. It includes all thebookkeeping that is necessary to track networking resources and thenetwork under control.

Maintenance—Maintenance activities are focused on facilitating repairsand upgrades—for example, when equipment must be replaced, when a routerneeds a patch for an operating system image, or when a new switch isadded to a network. Maintenance also involves corrective and preventivemeasures to make the managed network run more effectively, e.g.,adjusting device configuration and parameters.

FIG. 3 is one example of a wireless communication network in which thesystem described herein can be implemented; other implementations arepossible.

(4) Dimensioning Process

A method of dimensioning a plurality of BS/APs is described herein. Asused herein, “dimensioning” a plurality of BS/APs includes determiningwhere to position the network BS/APs within a fixed area in order toeffectively provide wireless network coverage throughout an area. Inother words, dimensioning provides the UEs throughout the area withnetwork access wirelessly to at least one BS/AP. Herein the area may bereferred to as an enterprise location and the network may be referred toas an enterprise network, but the area can be at any location, and thenetwork need not be specific to an enterprise.

The term EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) is used herein. EIRPis the measured radiated power of an antenna in a specific direction.EIRP may be represented in a logarithmic scale. For purposes ofdescription herein, a value (H) is the highest EIRP that a BS/AP iscapable of transmitting, and a value (L) is the lowest EIRP that theBS/AP is capable of transmitting. The terms highest EIRP (H) and lowestEIRP (L) correspond to the limits defined by the class of each of theBS/APs and the choice of electronic components (such as the poweramplifiers) used in each of the BS/APs.

Reference is made to FIG. 4, which is a flow chart of operations of thedimensioning process, in which the positions of the BS/APs in an area(e.g. an enterprise location) are determined, and the BS/APs areinstalled in position within the area.

After operation begins (STEP 400), the first step (STEP 402) is todetermine the minimum number (M) of BS/APs needed to wireles sly coverthe entire area, assuming all BS/APs are transmitting at their highestEIRP (=H), which may be termed the “primary” BS/APs. For this first stepat least the square footage of the area is taken into account. Inaddition, any obstacles or environmental factors (e.g., walls, or otherbarriers) and other factors that may affect wireless signals in the areamay be taken into account. This first step may be done with a networkplanner such as iB-Wave (https://www.ibwave.com) or an empirical method,for example.

The next step (STEP 404) is to determine the maximum number of BS/APs(N) required to wirelessly cover the entire area if all N BS/APs aretransmitting at lowest EIRP (=L). This group of BS/APs may be called the“supplemental” BS/APs. As above, this step may be performed with anetwork planner such as iB-Wave (https://www.ibwave.com) or an empiricalmethod, for example, taking into account at least the square footage ofthe area. Obstacles, environmental factors, and other factors that mayaffect wireless signals in the area may also be considered.

In the next (STEP 406), the M primary BS/APs determined previously (STEP402) are positioned within the area to provide wireless coverage of theentire area. Preferably, the positioning of the primary BS/APs isselected so that these M BS/APs provide optimal coverage of the entirearea. In this context, an optimal coverage may be a “best fit” placementof the M primary BS/APs, and may assume that each BS/AP is transmittingat its maximum (H) EIRP. The placement of the M primary BS/APs may beaccomplished using any appropriate technique, such as simulations,and/or sound RF design principles, or by using an RF design tool. Forexample, a common deployment principle calls for more than 95% coverageat an RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) of −95 dBm or better. Usingthis design criteria as one example, the M primary BS/APs may bedetermined.

Reference is briefly made to FIG. 5, which is a diagram showing anenterprise location 500 and a plurality of BS/APs installed within theenterprise location, showing an example of positioning the M BS/APswithin the enterprise location 500. Particularly, FIG. 5 shows anexample of positioning of the M (=8) BS/APs 501, 502, 503, 504, 505,506, 507, 508, at optimal positions to wirelessly cover the entire areaof the enterprise location 500. In this example, there are eight (8)primary BS/APs, so the minimum number M=8. The enterprise location 500includes a floor space that may be coextensive with the enterpriselocation 500, and the BS/APs may be placed within the floor space.

Referring back to FIG. 4, in the next step (STEP 408), assuming thatplacement of all M BS/APs in the previous step (STEP 406) is complete,the remaining R (=N-M) supplemental BS/APs are then placed atappropriate locations within the network coverage area to augmentcapacity of the primary BS/APs, as required or useful within theenterprise. Preferably the supplemental BS/APs are positioned to provideoptimal coverage (i.e., at “optimal” locations). An optimal coverage maybe a “best fit” placement of the R supplemental BS/APs given thepositions of the M primary BS/APs, and may assume that each BS/AP istransmitting at its maximum (H) EIRP. The positioning of the Rsupplemental BS/APs is accomplished using any appropriate technique,such as simulations, and/or sound RF design principles, or by using anRF design tool.

Now that all N BS/APs (primary and supplemental) are placed, we canobserve that the enterprise location could be covered satisfactorilywith only the M primary BS/APs 501 to 508. The remaining R supplementalBS/APs simply provide increased capacity once they are placed atappropriate locations. For example, supplemental BS/APs may be placednear the common areas such as a café or conference rooms where increasedtraffic may be expected.

Reference is briefly made to FIG. 6, which is a view of the enterpriselocation 500, showing the minimum number (M) of BS/APs as in the exampleof FIG. 5, and also showing an example placement of R supplementalBS/APs. In this example, twelve supplemental BS/APs are shown (R=12),and therefore the total number of BS/APs in the enterprise location istwenty (N=20). FIG. 6 shows an example positioning of the R (=12) BS/APs601, 602, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612 at positionsto augment capacity for the wireless network at the enterprise location500. Note that the additional R supplemental BS/APs provide flexibility,because after these supplemental BS/APs are in place, the M primaryBS/APs 501, . . . , 508 need not transmit at the highest available power(H) and can transmit at a lower power than (H) even if some or all ofthe other BS/APs transmit at a lower power (L).

Referring back to FIG. 4, the next step (STEP 412) is to provide thevalues M, N, H and L at the Domain Proxy by any suitable mechanism,before (or during) the registration process described herein. Thus,these values are known to the Domain Proxy before (or during) theregistration process. For example, a secure HTTPs-based UI (or an API)from the customer site to the Domain Proxy software may provision thisinformation. Alternatively, the OAM server may receive this informationfrom the BS/APs during the bootstrapping procedure, and subsequentlyprovision them at the DP. In the next step (STEP 414), the Domain Proxydetermines the range (H-L) in dB before commencing registrationsequences with the SAS.

(5) Summary of Dimensioning

In one embodiment, the wireless communication network comprises aplurality of BS/APs installed within an area such as an enterpriselocation or a floor space within an enterprise location. The wirelesscommunication network may be a spectrum-controlled network such as aCitizen's Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) network, and the BS/APscomprise CBRS devices (CBSDs). In the CBRS network embodiment, a domainproxy may be connected to communicate with an SAS on behalf of theCBSDs.

Each of the BS/APs in the wireless communication network has a maximumEIRP and a minimum EIRP. The plurality of BS/APs includes a maximumnumber (N) of BS/APs required to provide wireless radio coveragesubstantially over the entire area at the minimum EIRP of the BS/APs.The N BS/APs include a primary group of BS/APs and a supplemental groupof BS/APs. The primary group of BS/APs includes a minimum number (M) ofBS/APs needed to provide wireless radio coverage over substantially theentire area at the maximum EIRP for the BS/APs. The M primary BS/APs arepositioned within the area so that substantially the entire area iswirelessly covered by the primary group.

The supplemental group of BS/APs includes the remaining BS/APs of theplurality of N BS/APs; this remainder R is defined as the differencebetween the N BS/APs and the M primary BS/APs. The supplemental BS/APsare positioned responsive to the known placement of the primary BS/APsto provide additional coverage within the area.

Preferably, the primary group of BS/APs is installed at optimallocations using an appropriate dimensioning system, and the supplementalgroup of BS/APs is installed to provide additional coverage at locationsrequiring capacity.

A method of providing the wireless communication network is disclosed,including steps for dimensioning a plurality of BS/APs and placing themwithin an area of a wireless network. Each of the BS/APs has a maximumEIRP and a minimum EIRP, and the steps include first defining a primarygroup of BS/APs and determining their placement, and second defining asupplemental group of BS/APs and determining their placement. To definethe primary group of BS/APs, a minimum number (M) of BS/APs needed toprovide wireless radio coverage over substantially the entire area atthe maximum EIRP for the BS/APs is determined. This, minimum numberdefines the M primary BS/APs. Placement locations are then determinedfor the primary BS/APs within the area, so that substantially the entirearea is wirelessly covered by the primary BS/APs. The primary BS/APs maythen be installed at the determined locations.

To define the supplemental group of BS/APs, a maximum number (N) ofBS/APs required to provide wireless radio coverage substantially overthe entire area at the minimum EIRP for the N BS/APs is determined. Aremainder (R) of supplemental BS/APs is defined as the differencebetween the maximum number (N) and the number (M) of primary BS/APs.Responsive to the placement of the primary BS/APs at the determinedlocations, additional locations are determined, to place the Rsupplemental BS/APs to provide additional coverage.

In an embodiment in which the BS/APs comprise CBSDs, the wirelessnetwork is a spectrum-controlled (e.g. CBRS) network, and a domain proxyis connected to communicate with an SAS on behalf of the CBSDs, the NCBSDs are then registered by the domain proxy with the SAS.

(6) Registration, Spectrum Inquiry and Mapping, and Channel Allocation

Reference is now made to FIG. 7 which is a flowchart of steps toiteratively register and make spectrum inquiries for the purpose ofmapping the available spectrum and allocating channels to the BS/APs inthe enterprise network. The registration and spectrum inquiries aretypically made by the Domain Proxy 309 (FIG. 3) on behalf of all theBS/APs in the enterprise network. The Domain Proxy 309 exchangesmessages with the SAS 312 in accordance any with applicablecommunication standards such as those related to CBRS.

After starting operations (STEP 700) the Domain Proxy performs aninitial registration (STEP 702), during which the Domain Proxy registersthe full complement of N BS/APs. In the registration process, the SAS isprovided with all information required by the SAS, which includes theEIRP of each BS/AP. In the initial registration, the EIRP capability foreach BS/AP is indicated at the highest (H) power, typically in dBmunits.

In the registration flow, the Domain Proxy also indicates to the SAS thelocation information for each of the BS/APs. This location informationcan be obtained in accordance with the BS/AP placement steps describedherein, and with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. Alternatively othersources of location information can be utilized, such as the actualknown location reported by the BS/AP, assuming it has been physicallyinstalled at the enterprise location, or an estimate.

Following successful registration, the Domain Proxy invokes the initialspectrum inquiry procedure (STEP 704) to inquire regarding availabilityof the entire spectrum desired, which typically is the entire spectrumin a band. For example, 150 MHz has been approved in Band48 currentlyfor CBRS systems, and therefore the availability of the entire 150 MHzspectrum may be requested. However, in other embodiments, depending uponthe implementation, the entire spectrum desired may be less than anentire band.

At the next step (STEP 706), the results of the spectrum inquiry (STEP704) are reviewed, and in the unlikely event that the SAS indicates thatthe desired spectrum is available at the highest possible EIRP (H), thenoperation ends (STEP 720), because the entire requested spectrum isavailable, and no further iterations are necessary.

However, in the more likely event that the initial spectrum inquiry(STEP 704) from the SAS indicates that the available spectrum is lessthan what was requested (STEP 706), then generally the Domain Proxybegins an iterative procedure of re-registering the N BS/APs at a lowerEIRP, and then making a spectrum inquiry to determine the channels atwhich the SAS might indicate increased availability of channels at thelower EIRP. The EIRP capability is progressively (iteratively) decreasedfrom (H) to (L) dBm, in predetermined steps (1 dB equal steps, forexample) until the SAS indicates that the entire spectrum is availableat the re-registered EIRP value for that iteration, at which point nofurther iterations are necessary.

More specifically, if the initial spectrum inquiry (STEP 704) indicatesthat the entire requested spectrum is not available (STEP 706), then aniterative process begins in which the results of the previous spectruminquiry are stored (STEP 708). In the next step (STEP 710), the EIRP isreduced, and all N BS/APs are re-registered with the SAS. In thisprocess the previous registration will be overwritten whenever a newregistration is requested, in accordance with current SAS operationalrules for CBRS.

After registration with the reduced EIRP, the Domain Proxy makes aspectrum inquiry (STEP 712) on behalf of all the BS/APs, requesting theentire spectrum desired, as in the initial spectrum inquiry (STEP 704).

The response from the SAS is reviewed (STEP 714), and if the entirerequested spectrum is not yet available, then operation returns to storethe results (STEP 708) and continues iteratively reducing the EIRP (STEP710) and making a spectrum inquiry (STEP 712).

When the entire requested spectrum is available (STEP 714) or thecurrent EIRP=L (i.e. the most recent EIRP is the lowest availabletransmission power L), then results are stored, and all the storedresults are provided for spectrum mapping and channel allocationpurposes (STEP 716). In the next step, (STEP 718) channels are allocatedto the BS/APs by e.g. a Self-Organizing Network (SON) 308 (FIG. 3)described in more detail elsewhere herein.

FIG. 8 is a pseudocode diagram 800 that shows the iterative steps duringthe registration and spectrum inquiry procedure for one embodiment. Notethat the registration procedure can be invoked several times and per theWInnForum specifications, a new registration always overwrites aprevious registration in its entirety. Following a registration, as partof the spectrum inquiry procedure, if the indicated availability ofspectrum is less than the requested spectrum, then the Domain Proxyreduces the EIRP capability by 1 dB for example and re-registers theenterprise with the same number of BS/APs. This procedure is iterateduntil either the loop has reached the lowest power (L) or the indicatedavailability of spectrum matches or exceeds the inquired spectrum. Thedata from the spectrum inquiries is then sent to a Self-OrganizingNetwork (SON) function 802 residing in the SON Assist Unit 308 (FIG. 3).There is no need to de-register a previous registration since, asexplained earlier, the specification states that any new registrationwith same credentials will overwrite an existing registration in itsentirety.

(7) Chart Example

Reference is now made to FIG. 9, which is a chart showing results of aseries of iterations of registrations and spectrum inquires, in oneexample. In this example there are 15 channels (15×10 MHz) correspondingto the current CBRS band), for which the Domain Proxy requested spectrumavailability. The first row of the chart (below the headings) shows theresults of the initial registration and spectrum inquiry. The headingcolumn of the first row indicates the maximum power (H) as the EIRPcapability for each of the BS/APs. In this example the indicatedavailability of spectrum corresponding to (H) shows that channels 2-4,and 9-15 are available; channels 1, and 5-8 are unavailable. We note inthis example that as H is decremented by 1 dB (and the Domain Proxyregisters again by indicating a lowered EIRP capability), at EIRPcapability (H-3) dBm, channel 1 becomes available and the spectrumavailability increases by 10 MHz. Therefore we can state that for anyEIRP capability ≥(H-2), channels {1, 5, 6, 7, 8} are not available (or)alternatively, for any EIRP ≥(H-2) dBm, channels {1, 5, 6, 7, 8} needprotection from SAS's viewpoint. If transmitting just 1 dB below (H-2),SAS deems such protection is unnecessary for channel {1} and thus anavailability inclusive of channel #1 is indicated at EIRP capability(H-3) dBm. Similarly, from the same illustration, we note that as wefurther decrease the EIRP capability in steps of 1 dB, the SAS indicatesincreased availability of channels at certain discrete values andfinally at EIRP capability (T) dBm, the SAS indicates full availabilityof the spectrum and it can be assumed that all channels are fullyavailable at powers lower than T. At this stage, the iterative loopterminates, and SON algorithms can be invoked. In this example, weexhibit the channel raster as being 10 MHz wide but the raster in use bythe SAS can be any value in multiples of 5 MHz. The basic principlesdetailed above still apply regardless of the channel raster or channelwidth.

(8) Summary of Advantages

First, we have devised a mechanism that is believed to extract themaximum availability of channels from the SAS for a given geography.

Secondly, we can also infer at this point that (T, shown in FIG. 9) isthe optimal transmit power for all the N BS/APs in the enterprise sinceit maximizes channel availability. It is believed that thisadvantageously allows more (greater) orthogonality of channels in usebetween various BS/APs in the enterprise. It also allows interferencelevels to be kept lower due to the sheer abundance (large amount) ofavailable spectrum.

Note that the actual system bandwidth (BW) in use at the BS/APs can belower than the channel raster provided by the SAS. For example, in theCBRS example, the SAS indicates channel availability in steps of 10 MHz.SON algorithms in the SON unit 308 (FIG. 3) may further choose to limitsystem BW per CBSD to 5 MHz, thus effectively doubling the number ofchannels in use within the enterprise and improving channelorthogonality within the enterprise.

Thirdly, using the methods above, we can infer the EIRP levels at whichspecific channels become unavailable. Allowing the SON algorithms toperform channel selection with an increased spectrum availabilitysimplifies the SON algorithm and provides better convergence. Inexemplary scenario shown in FIG. 9, we note that channels 2, 3, 4, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are much safer than any other channels sincethey are marked as available even if we transmitted at the highest power(H). Hence, the SON unit can assign “safe” channels for the primary MBS/APs as orthogonally as possible. Further, as much as practicable, theSON unit can assign “safe” channels for the remaining R(=N-M) BS/APs toounless it is not possible (or) not entirely possible. In that situation,a combination of “safe” and “other” channels can be allocated to theremaining R BS/APs. As explained earlier, one algorithm to determineorthogonality between two BS/APs may be to confirm if an edge existsbetween them (i.e., by looking at REM measurements and/or looking atdistance between BS/APs based on GPS location).

(9) Channel Allocation

Referring again to FIG. 7, After the iterative looping is curtailed orcompleted, the Domain Proxy or a SON unit, or any other appropriateunit, can utilize the spectrum availability data collected in thespectrum inquiry iterative process to determine an optimal channelallocation for the enterprise (STEP 718). For example, the Domain Proxymay invoke SON algorithms in a SON unit (to determine an optimal channelallocation. In this context, an optimal coverage may be a “best fit”placement of the BS/APs, and may assume that each BS/AP is transmittingwithin its allowed EIRP range.

SON algorithms can make use of the RF terrain that was inferredpreviously using REM scans and/or GPS information obtained from each ofthe BS/APs. Particularly, the REM scans may be performed by allowingeach BS/AP in the enterprise to transmit to each BS/AP in a round-robinmanner one at a time to enable all the other BS/APs in the enterprise anopportunity to listen over the air, and then collect all the data andanalyze to assess the RF terrain. Any appropriate method of determiningthe RF terrain may be used.

Any appropriate SON algorithms may be utilized; several methods can beused to determine the optimal channels for each BS/AP in the enterprise.For example, the SON algorithm may employ graph theory to determine anedge to exist (connection) between two BS/APs if at least one of them“heard” the other over the air during the REM scan phase. A map of theentire enterprise as a graph with edges between certain BS/APs can beformed this way. If an edge exists between two BS/APs, then the idealchannel allocation scheme will ensure those two BS/APs cannot beco-channel (i.e., same channel will not be ideally allocated to twoBS/APs that have an edge). SON algorithms may also subsequentlydetermine other radio operational parameters for the enterprise such asPCI, RSI, transmit power etc.

In addition to the above, through the iterative schema described above,the SON can also infer the presence of other BS/APs not belonging to theenterprise in the vicinity. This can be explained using the chart inFIG. 9. Currently, the presence of any CBRS nodes in the vicinity of anenterprise/neighborhood is typically determined by REM scans performedby enterprise BS/APs. These REM scans are autonomously performed orcommanded by a network element (e.g., (an Automatic Configuration Server(ACS) 310 or Domain Proxy 309 as shown in FIG. 3). An ACS is designedfor automatic and easy setup of BS/APs using the protocol described inthe standard TR-069, which enables the operator to centrally managecustomer equipment through the global network.

The SME spectrum database 313 may contain useful information about powerlevels, channels, radio technology, TDD configuration in use in a givengeography and hence this information can be shared by the SAS with theDomain Proxy to better examine its environment. To this extent, in aCBRS environment, if enterprise CBSDs cannot perform a REM scanaccurately, the Domain Proxy can enquire with the SAS and requestinformation corresponding to a geography by sending ASSISTANCEINFORMATION REQUEST message to request information such as transmitpower/MHz of other nodes, antenna azimuth and locations. The DomainProxy can also share information that its enterprise CBSDs were able todetermine via REM scans by sending ASSISTANCE INFORMATION INDICATION.This information can include RSSI levels, RSRP levels, high interferenceindications on certain sections of the band, utilization rates of thefrequency band and/or channels. This information may have been obtainedby the Domain Proxy from the CBSDs via REM scans, information exchangedbetween CBSDs on X2 interface, ANR reports collected by the CBSDs fromthe various UEs that obtain service. In turn, such information can besent as ASSISTANCE INFORMATION INDICATION to the SAS on demand,periodically or when an event occurs.

Generally, exchanging such information between the SAS and the DomainProxy enables better co-existence of CBSDs belonging tomultiple/different operators, by avoiding interference from nearbyCBSDs. For example, with knowledge of presence of other operator CBSDs,the enterprise can deploy a PAL license at the interior (or) peripheryof the enterprise, as appropriate, to protect itself and/or anotheroperator's CBSDs.

As described below, a further advantage of the design methodologydescribed above is that it allows channel reconfiguration and/orrotation of the channels assigned to the CBSDs in the enterprise networkwithout service disruption to the mobiles within the enterprise.

(10) Summary of Spectrum Availability and Allocation

Disclosed herein is an apparatus for determining spectrum availabilitywithin a radio band that is managed by a Spectrum Management Entity(SME), and allocating at least one channel to each of a plurality ofBase Station/Access Points (BS/APs) located in an area. The area mayinclude an enterprise location of an enterprise network. Each of theBS/APs is capable of transmitting at a maximum Effective IsotropicRadiated Power (EIRP) and a minimum EIRP.

The apparatus comprises a domain proxy connected to the BS/APs and theSME, including a circuit configured to send a registration request forthe plurality of the BS/APs to the SME, the registration requestindicating to the SME the maximum EIRP for the plurality of BS/APs. acircuit configured to receive a registration message from the SME, acircuit configured to send a spectrum inquiry request to the SME thatrequests a spectrum within the allowed band, a circuit configured toreceive and process a spectrum inquiry response from the SME, thatindicates available spectrum and a circuit, responsive to the indicatedavailable spectrum, for iteratively sending a spectrum inquiry requestand receiving and processing a spectrum inquiry response responsiveuntil the entire requested spectrum is available.

The apparatus also includes a Self-Organizing Network (SON) deviceconnected to the domain proxy to receive the available spectruminformation from the domain proxy, and responsive thereto, allocatingthe available spectrum to BS/APs.

The domain proxy further comprises a circuit configured to receiveallocation data from the SON and responsive thereto, sending a grantrequest message to the SME.

In some embodiment the SON stores data identifying a primary group ofthe BS/APs that collectively provide wireless coverage substantiallyover the entire area. This data may be provided as elsewhere describedherein. The SON also further comprises a circuit configured to identifychannels in the spectrum inquiry that are available at higher power thanother available channels and a circuit configured to allocate the higherpower available channels to the primary group of BS/APs.

In some embodiments of the apparatus, the radio band is a Citizen'sBroadband Radio Service (CBRS) band, the BS/APs comprise CBRS Devices(CBSDs) that are located at an enterprise location and form part of anenterprise network, the SME comprises an SAS, and the domain proxy isconnected to the SAS.

(11) CBSD and SAS Activities During Normal Network Operation

In a CBRS network, the spectrum is managed by an SAS, and accordinglythe CBSDs within the CBRS network must follow directions from the SAS.Following are some of the CBSD requirements (from WINNF-TS-0112,R0-DEV-04: CBSD technical operation [Ref-2, 96.39])

“a. All CBSDs must be capable of two-way operation on any authorizedfrequency assigned by an SAS. Equipment deployed by GrandfatheredWireless Broadband Licensees during their license term will be exemptfrom this requirement.

b. A CBSD must operate at or below the maximum power level authorized byan SAS, consistent with its FCC equipment authorization, and withingeographic areas permitted by an SAS on the channels or frequenciesauthorized by an SAS.

c. A CBSD must receive and comply with any incoming commands from itsassociated SAS about any changes to power limits and frequencyassignments. A CBSD must cease transmission, move to another frequencyrange, or change its power level within 60 seconds as instructed by anSAS.

d. A CBSD must report to an SAS regarding received signal strength inits occupied frequencies and adjacent frequencies, received packet errorrates or other common standard metrics of interference for itself andassociated End User Devices as directed by an SAS [Note: SeeR2-SGN-01].”

During normal network operation, the CBSDs in a CBRS system arebroadcasting and receiving on channels assigned by the SAS. In a typicalconfiguration in which a Domain Proxy is implemented, the Domain Proxyhandles all messaging and communications between the CBSDs and the SAS.During normal operation, the SAS and Domain Proxy exchange heartbeatmessages so that the SAS can remain informed regarding the channels thatare in use within the network. The messaging is performed in accordancewith standards, such as those set by the Wireless Innovation Forum (CBRSWInnForumStandards, Document-T-0016, Version 1.2.4, 26 Jun. 2019).

FIG. 10 is a grant state diagram 1000 of a CBSD in a CBRS system,showing states and transitions between the Idle state, Granted state,and Authorized state. FIG. 10 is a reproduction of “FIG. 3: Grant StateDiagram, CBRS WInnForumStandards, Document-T-0016, Version 1.2.4, 26Jun. 2019”. Following is quoted text from that standard related to GrantState Diagram, which describes these states. Additional details, such asmessaging standards, are set forth in that standard document.

“FIG. 3 shows the state transitions of a CBSD Grant. A CBSD in theRegistered state can request one or multiple Grants from the SAS. AGrant state machine is in the Idle state if a Grant has not beenapproved by the SAS. A CBSD can send the SAS a GrantRequest object. If aGrant request is approved, a new Grant is created with operationalparameters and a channel allocation. The reception of a successfulGrantResponse object causes transition to the Granted state. A CBSD witha Grant that is ready to commence RF transmission commences heartbeatrequests associated with the Grant. If a CBSD receives multiple Grants,individual heartbeat requests are sent for each Grant, possiblyaggregated in a single transmission to the SAS. If the SAS approves aheartbeat request, the Grant transitions to the Authorized state. In theAuthorized state, the CBSD is permitted to commence RF transmission andoperate in the CBRS band using the operational parameters specific tothat Grant. The Grant transitions from the Authorized state back to theGranted state if the Grant is suspended by the SAS or the transmissionright, as defined by the transmitExpireTime parameter in theHeartbeatResponse object, has expired. The Grant state transitions toIdle if a Grant is terminated by the SAS, relinquished by the CBSD, orexpired as defined in the grantExpireTime parameter, or the SAS to CBSDconnectivity is lost (see Section 8.6).”

As discussed, the Domain Proxy typically handles messaging andcommunication between the CBSDs and the SAS. The Domain Proxy may beconnected to a SON unit, which helps manage network operations, and anACS unit 310, which manages operations of the CBSDs.

(12) Alternative Embodiment Using an Inner Loop

In this disclosure, dimensioning the enterprise with N CBSDs wasdescribed although only a minimum number (M) CBSDs are required.Consequently, up to (R=N-M) supplemental CBSDs are dimensioned. Whilethis dimensioning is still held as the basis, during the “spectrumextraction” procedure between the Domain Proxy and SAS, in analternative embodiment the Domain Proxy may in addition run aninner-loop of the same procedure several times, decrementing the totalnumber of CBSDs on each look to determine spectrum availability withfewer CBSDs.

This procedure is explained in pseudo code and explained below:

Initialize P=N CBSDs

Start Loop

-   -   Step from EIRP=(H) to EIRP=(L) to determine maximum spectrum        availability. Determine optimum transmit power (T) among many        other methods described elsewhere herein.    -   P=P-1    -   If (P<=M) Exit loop    -   Else Goto Start Loop

In this method, we are able to have an inner loop for (M), (M+1), (M+2),. . . (N) CBSDs and the associated channel availability if they wereregistered as a group of (M), (M+1), (M+2), . . . (N) CBSDs. Based onthe maximum extractable spectrum, the algorithms can then determine anoptimal number of CBSDs with which to operate; particularly whether tooperate with (M) or up to (N) CBSDs. An appropriate unit, such as theACS, using this number, chooses which CBSDs to operate, and controls theCBSDs so that only that number operates.

(13) Suspension/Termination (ST), Terminating Transmissions on Channel.

As can be seen from the state diagram of FIG. 10, the grant of spectrumcan be suspended and/or terminated by the SAS for a number of reasons;the end result of which is that there will be a suspension/terminationorder that requires transmission to cease on one or more of the channelsthat the SAS previously authorized. In other words, the now-prohibitedchannel must be shut down. When a suspension/termination (ST) order isgiven, the impacted CBSD is given a short amount of time (60 secondsunder the current rules) to shut down any further transmissions on thatchannel.

In the CBRS system the termination order may be called a “suspension”order or a “termination” order; regardless the result is thatcommunications on the channel must be terminated within a time period.Therefore the term “termination” may be used broadly, and includes whatis technically called a suspension or termination order in a CBRS system. Also, in the CBRS system, the external entity controlling the spectrummay be called the SAS or SME, in other contexts, the entity controllingthe spectrum may have a different name and may be external or internalto the enterprise wireless network.

During normal operation, it is expected that one or more UEs will bewirelessly connected to each CBSD. Suppose an enterprise as exemplifiedearlier has commenced operation with up to N CBSDs as shown for examplein FIG. 3 or FIG. 11B. To communicate with its respective CBSD, each UEwill be transmitting and receiving on the same channel as the CBSD withwhich it is associated. One consequence of an ST order is that the UEsconnected to the impacted CBSDs will in turn be impacted, because theCBSDs and their connected UEs are communicating on the same channel thatis being suspended/terminated. As stated above, all communications overthe prohibited channel must be shut down in a short time (60 seconds ina CBRS system), and in order to provide a smooth transition for the UEsto another channel and avoid any disruption in communications, a methodof handling an ST order is needed.

Now suppose the SAS sends a suspend order for one of the channels thatis in use within the enterprise (e.g. channel f1), and this impacts twoCBSDs, for example the S6 CBSD and the S11 CBSD shown respectively inFIG. 11C at 1160 and 1162.

Specifically speaking, the SAS in the CBRS system sends a suspensionorder for one or more grants rather than the channel itself. Forsimplicity, we may indicate that a channel is suspended, meaning one ormore grants are suspended, and those grants map to that channel. Percurrent CBRS regulations, once a suspend/terminate order is issued for achannel (more specifically, a grant ID), the CBSDs must ceasetransmission on that channel within 60 seconds.

As will be described, a further advantage of the design methodologydescribed herein in which the CBSDs are deployed in a primary andsupplemental configuration, is that it facilitates channelreconfiguration and channel rotation within an enterprise networksubstantially without service disruption to the mobiles (UEs) within theenterprise.

(14) Response to ST Order

The response to the suspension/termination order is described herein inthe context of a CBRS system; however it has wide applicability in anywireless multi-channel communication system that may be subject to loss(termination) of a channel due to any of a variety of reasons, and anysystem that is spectrum-controlled.

In general terms, the response to an ST (termination) order as describedherein in the context of a CBRS system, includes: (1) requesting a newgrant of spectrum, and receiving a new channel authorization from theSAS; (2) in parallel, ceasing all transmissions on the prohibitedchannel by gradually reducing the power transmissions of the impactedCBSDs and eventually shutting down the impacted CBSDs; (3) in parallel,designating CBSDs and reconfiguring the network so that the UEspreviously connected to the impacted CBSDs are efficiently handed overto the designated CBSDs; (4) assigning the new channel to the impactedCBSDs; and (5) re-introducing the previously-impacted CBSDs to thenetwork using the newly-assigned channel. Each of these general stepswill be addressed below, with reference to FIGS. 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D,11E, and 11F.

Reference is made to FIG. 11A which is a process diagram that shows aseries of messages, actions, and the state of the enterprise network asthe response to the suspension/termination progresses over time.Particularly, FIG. 11A in connection with FIGS. 11B, 11C, 11D, 11E, and11F, shows a series of messages and actions between an SAS 1102, aDomain Proxy 1104, an ACS 1106, and a plurality of BS/APs which areshown in related FIGS. 11B, 11C, and 11E.

FIG. 11A and its related FIGS. 11D, 11F, also shows a series of actions.FIG. 11A, in connection with FIGS. 11B, 11C, and 11E, shows the state ofthe BS/APs in the enterprise network.

Referring now to FIG. 11A, an initial operational state 1110 of theBS/APs, known to the Domain Proxy 1104 and the ACS 1106, is shown in therelated FIG. 11B. In this state, the BS/APs, shown generally at 1150 inthe enterprise location 1152, have all been assigned channels by theACS, and are all in an operational state and the BS/APs can be connectedwith UEs within their respective ranges.

Referring back to FIG. 11A, when the Domain Proxy 1104 receives asuspension of grant message 1112 from the SAS 1102, in which a grant fora channel (f1, for example) is suspended, the Domain Proxy invokes twoprocedures substantially in parallel: (1) as shown at 1112, to commandthe ACS to shut down transmissions on channel=f1 at all impacted BS/APs,and (2) to obtain a new grant, if possible, for the impacted BS/APs. TheDomain Proxy 1104 and the ACS 1106, as two separate units, can performthese two tasks in parallel with each other.

-   -   (1) Requesting and receiving a new grant of spectrum from the        SAS

As shown in FIG. 11A, after receiving the grant suspension 1112, theDomain Proxy 1104 transmits a stop TX command 1114 to the ACS 1106, andthe Domain Proxy 1104 makes a spectrum inquiry 1116 with the SAS 1102 toinquire for new spectrum availability to replace the suspended channel.

After receiving a response of available spectrum, the Domain Proxy 1104runs the SON unit (as shown at 1118) and determines that a new channelf2 will be used to replace channel f1 for the impacted CBSDs. The SONunit 1118 is connected to a SON database 1119, which stores data andother information that is useful to the SON unit 1118, and accessible toit.

Next, at 1120, the Domain Proxy 1104 applies for a grant of channel f2for all impacted CBSDs. After the Domain Proxy receives an approval ofthe grant from the SAS 1106 that identifies the new channel f2 on whichthe impacted CBSDs are authorized to transmit, at 1122 the Domain Proxynotifies the ACS of the new grant.

-   -   (2) in parallel, ceasing all transmissions on the prohibited        channel by gradually reducing the power transmissions of the        impacted CBSDs and eventually shutting down transmissions on the        impacted CBSDs and (3) designating CBSDs and reconfiguring the        network so that the UEs previously connected to the impacted        CBSDs are efficiently handed over to the designated CBSDs

In addition to requesting a new spectrum as described above, theimpacted BS/APs are required to stop transmitting. Particularly, in oneexample, after the Domain Proxy 1104 receives the suspension message1112, it identifies the channels that have been suspended/terminated(channel f1 in this example) and determines the BS/APs that have beenimpacted. The Domain Proxy 1104 then sends the Stop TX command 1114 tothe ACS 1106, which instructs it to stop all transmit functions onchannel f1 and the impacted BS/APs. The ACS 1106 then confirms theidentities of the impacted BS/APs.

After the stop TX command 1114 is received by ACS 1106, the ACS willhave a limited time (possibly 55-60 seconds) to stop the impacted BS/APsfrom transmitting. During this time, the ACS attempts a gracefulreconfiguration of the enterprise network as will be described.

Reference is now made to FIG. 11C, which shows the state of the BS/APsin the enterprise location 1152 after the suspension order. In thisexample, two CBSDs 1160 and 1162 have been identified by the DomainProxy as being impacted by suspension of the grant of their currentchannel f1. In this example, these two impacted BS/APs are from thegroup of R supplemental BS/APs, as described elsewhere herein. Note thatthe BS/APs are labeled to show the two groups described elsewhere: theprimary BS/APs are labeled from P1 through P8 (M=8 in this example), andthe supplemental B S/APs are labeled from S1 through S11 (R=11 in thisexample).

Generally, the ACS 1106 gradually steps down the transmit power on theimpacted CBSDs while simultaneously gradually stepping up the transmitpower on designated CBSDs (which is described with reference to FIG.11E) in order to induce the UEs connected to the impacted BS/APs tohandoff to unimpacted BS/APs. The handoff will likely transfer the UEsto one of the designated BS/APs. In one embodiment, the ACS 1106gracefully steps down the transmit power on the impacted CBSDs eachsecond in steps of 1 dB while simultaneously stepping up the transmitpower on designated CBSDs in steps of 1 db. The step-down and step-upcommands are shown to be initiated by the ACS at each time interval of 1second.

To illustrate this, reference is now made to FIG. 11D, which is aprocess flow diagram that shows operations by the ACS 1106 to reducepower on the impacted BS/APs and increase power on the designatedBS/APs. At the initial time to, the ACS instructs all BS/APs on channelf1 (the impacted BS/APs) to reduce power by one increment. At the sametime, the ACS instructs the designated BS/APs to increase power by oneincrement.

In the next time interval to+n, and all subsequent intervals, theprocess repeats to gradually decrease the power transmitted by theimpacted BS/ASPs and increase the power to the designated BS/APs. Theprocess continues until the available time runs out (for K intervals),or until all UEs have successfully handed off to the designated BS/APs.

In some embodiments, the step-up and step-down intervals may be managedby the BS/APs themselves. In these embodiments the ACS can inform theCBSDs to perform the step-down (or) step-up in certain increments (or)decrements every 1 second (as an example) for K seconds in one singularcommand. Note here that K is time bound and has an upper limit ofapproximately 60 seconds. In reality, K is likely to be 10-20 secondssince a corresponding decrease/increase of 10-20 dB at the impacted &designated CBSDs will change the dynamics in the enterprise sufficientenough to coax mobiles to be handed over to the stronger cell (or)reselect to a stronger cell. This way, all the mobiles that are underthe impacted CBSDs are gracefully moved to designated CBSDs.

Reference is now made to FIG. 11E to illustrate the designated BS/APs.Generally, the designated BS/APs are chosen by the ACS to expandcoverage to compensate for the loss in coverage that would otherwiseexist due to the grant suspension. In the example of FIG. 11E, the ACS(or SON) determines that four (4) nearby CBSDs 1170, 1172, 1174, and1176 are the designated CBSDs, and these are all primary BS/APs. Anumber of factors may be utilized to determine which BS/APs aredesignated; one factor is location relative to the impacted BS/APs.Another factor in the designation of BS/APs is their available power;i.e. are they authorized to increase power and by how much. In oneembodiment the ACS designates only primary BS/APs, as previouslydescribed, which is advantageous because the primary BS/APs were theminimum chosen to provide coverage over the entire enterprise location.The primary BS/APs likely have been transmitting at below theirauthorized power, and therefore their power can be increased withoutviolating their grant.

Note that the ACS can determine the designated CBSDs by SON functionsand this algorithm may be implemented inside any unit (module) in thesystem, such as in the ACS. Also, in this example, the ACS designates aprimary CBSDs (the “designated CBSDs”) that will compensate for theradio coverage, which is advantageous.

-   -   (4) assigning the new channel to the impacted CBSDs

After the graceful method of reconfiguring the UE(s) is completed (whichmay be approximately K seconds), the ACS sets the new channel=f2 on theimpacted CBSDs and sets the same transmit power as it was previouslyprior to the impact.

-   -   (5) re-introducing the previously-impacted CBSDs to the network        using the new channel

Reference is now made to FIG. 11F, which is a process diagramillustrating the process of re-introducing the previously-impactedBS/APs into the enterprise network. At an initial time t₁, allpreviously impacted CBSDs can brought up to power on the new channel,and at the same time, since the designated CBSDs had previously beencommanded to increase power, the ACS performs the reverse and commandsthe designated CBSDs to lower the transmit power. In the example of FIG.11F, the previously impacted BS/APs can bring up their power all the wayup to the authorized level of X dBm, at time t₁. However, at time t₁,the designated CBSDs only start gradually reducing their power. In thisexample, the designated CBSDs reduce their power in 1 dB steps eachsecond, and this process continues for each n subsequent time interval,until a maximum number is reached, for example K equally spacedintervals, or it is determined that all UEs have been handed over. Inthis process, the UEs that were previously handed over to the designatedCBSDs most likely will be handed back to the CBSD with which they werepreviously communicating, and normal operation resumes.

Although the disclosed method and apparatus is described above in termsof various examples of embodiments and implementations, it should beunderstood that the particular features, aspects and functionalitydescribed in one or more of the individual embodiments are not limitedin their applicability to the particular embodiment with which they aredescribed. Thus, the breadth and scope of the claimed invention shouldnot be limited by any of the examples provided in describing the abovedisclosed embodiments.

Terms and phrases used in this document, and variations thereof, unlessotherwise expressly stated, should be construed as open ended as opposedto limiting. As examples of the foregoing: the term “including” shouldbe read as meaning “including, without limitation” or the like; the term“example” is used to provide examples of instances of the item indiscussion, not an exhaustive or limiting list thereof; the terms “a” or“an” should be read as meaning “at least one,” “one or more” or thelike; and adjectives such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “normal,”“standard,” “known” and terms of similar meaning should not be construedas limiting the item described to a given time period or to an itemavailable as of a given time, but instead should be read to encompassconventional, traditional, normal, or standard technologies that may beavailable or known now or at any time in the future. Likewise, wherethis document refers to technologies that would be apparent or known toone of ordinary skill in the art, such technologies encompass thoseapparent or known to the skilled artisan now or at any time in thefuture.

A group of items linked with the conjunction “and” should not be read asrequiring that each and every one of those items be present in thegrouping, but rather should be read as “and/or” unless expressly statedotherwise. Similarly, a group of items linked with the conjunction “or”should not be read as requiring mutual exclusivity among that group, butrather should also be read as “and/or” unless expressly statedotherwise. Furthermore, although items, elements or components of thedisclosed method and apparatus may be described or claimed in thesingular, the plural is contemplated to be within the scope thereofunless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.

The presence of broadening words and phrases such as “one or more,” “atleast,” “but not limited to” or other like phrases in some instancesshall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or requiredin instances where such broadening phrases may be absent. The use of theterm “module” does not imply that the components or functionalitydescribed or claimed as part of the module are all configured in acommon package. Indeed, any or all of the various components of amodule, whether control logic or other components, can be combined in asingle package or separately maintained and can further be distributedin multiple groupings or packages or across multiple locations.

Additionally, the various embodiments set forth herein are describedwith the aid of block diagrams, flow charts and other illustrations. Aswill become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art after readingthis document, the illustrated embodiments and their variousalternatives can be implemented without confinement to the illustratedexamples. For example, block diagrams and their accompanying descriptionshould not be construed as mandating a particular architecture orconfiguration.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of responding to a channel terminationorder received by a wireless communication network that includes aplurality of Base Stations/Access Points (BS/APs) located within anarea, the BS/APs communicating with a plurality of User Equipmentdevices (UEs) on a plurality of wireless channels, comprising the stepsof: receiving a termination order that identifies a prohibited channel,thereby requiring the wireless network to terminate communication on theprohibited channel within a time period; identifying at least one BS/APthat is communicating on the prohibited channel and therefore isimpacted by the channel termination order; designating at least one ofsaid BS/APs that is not transmitting on the prohibited channel, and isallowed to increase transmission power; gradually reducing thetransmission power on said at least one impacted BS/AP during said timeperiod to induce impacted UEs connected to said impacted BS/AP tohandoff to a non-impacted BS/AP; and gradually increasing thetransmission power of said at least one designated BS/AP to receive ahandoff from at least one of the impacted UEs; wherein at least oneimpacted UEs previously communicating with said impacted BS/AP changescommunication from said impacted BS/AP to said designated BS/AP.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 wherein: said step of designating at least one BS/APthat is not transmitting on a prohibited channel further comprisesdesignating at least one of a plurality of primary BS/APs thatcollectively provides wireless coverage substantially over the entirearea, and that are authorized to transmit at higher power than otheravailable channels; and said step of gradually increasing thetransmission power includes increasing the transmission power of atleast one of said primary BS/APs.
 3. The method of claim 2, furthercomprising steps performed subsequent to handoff of the impacted UEs,including the steps of: receiving authorization for transmission on achannel, and directing said previously impacted BS/AP to transmit onsaid authorized channel; increasing the transmission power of saidauthorized channel on said previously impacted BS/AP; and graduallydecreasing the transmission power of said at least one primary BS/AP;thereby inducing impacted UEs to handoff from said primary BS/AP to saidpreviously impacted BS/AP which is now transmitting on said authorizedchannel.
 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:identifying a plurality of BS/APs that are communicating on theprohibited channel and therefore are impacted by the channel terminationorder; designating a plurality of BS/APs that are not transmitting onthe prohibited channel, and are allowed to increase transmission power;gradually reducing the transmission power on said plurality of BS/APsduring said time period; and gradually increasing the transmission powerof said designated BS/APs to receive a handoff from a plurality ofimpacted UEs; wherein impacted UEs previously communicating with saidimpacted BS/APs can change communication from the impacted BS/APs tosaid designated BS/APs.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the wirelessnetwork operates on the Citizen's Broadband Radio Service (CBRS band),the BS/APs comprise CBRS Devices (CBSDs) that are located at anenterprise location and form part of an enterprise network, a SpectrumAccess System (SAS) provides the channel termination order, and thechannel termination order is one of a suspension order and a terminationorder.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the impacted BS/AP ceasestransmission on the prohibited channel within the time period.
 7. Themethod of claim 6 wherein the time period is predetermined, and at leastone of the UEs previously connected to the impacted BS/AP transfercommunications to the designated BS/AP during the predetermined timeperiod, substantially without interruption in service.
 8. A method ofresponding to a Suspension/Termination (ST) order sent from a SpectrumAccess System (SAS) to a wireless network operating in the Citizen'sBroadband Radio System (CBRS) radio band, the wireless network includinga plurality of CBRS Devices (CBSDs) located within an area, saidplurality of CBSDs transmitting on a plurality of wireless channels andcommunicating wireles sly with a plurality of User Equipment devices(UEs) over the plurality of wireless channels, comprising the steps of:receiving the ST order from the SAS that requires the wireless networkto suspend/terminate communication on at least one of said wirelesschannels within a time period; identifying at least one of said CBSDsthat is communicating on the prohibited ST channel and is thereforeimpacted by the ST order; designating at least one of said CBSDs that isnot transmitting on the prohibited ST channel, and is allowed toincrease transmission power; gradually reducing the transmission poweron said impacted CBSD during said time period to induce impacted UEsconnected to said impacted CBSD to handoff to a non-impacted CBSD; andgradually increasing the transmission power of said at least onedesignated CBSD that is not transmitting on the prohibited ST channel toreceive a handoff from at least one of the impacted UEs; therebytransferring communications with at least one impacted UE from theimpacted CBSD to the designated CBSD.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein:said step of identifying at least one CBSD that is not transmitting on aprohibited ST channel further comprises identifying primary CBSDs thatcollectively provide wireless coverage substantially over the entirearea, and that are authorized to transmit at higher power than otheravailable channels; and said step of gradually increasing thetransmission power includes increasing the transmission power of atleast one of said primary CBSDs.
 10. The method of claim 9, furthercomprising steps performed subsequent to handoff of impacted UEs,including the steps of: receiving authorization from the SAS fortransmission on a channel, and directing said previously impacted CBSDto transmit on said authorized channel; increasing the transmissionpower of said authorized channel on said previously impacted CBSD; andgradually decreasing the transmission power of said at least one primaryCBSD, thereby inducing UEs to handoff from said primary CBSD to saidpreviously impacted CBSD which is now transmitting on said authorizedchannel.
 11. The method of claim 8 wherein the CBSDs comprise CBSDs thatare located at an enterprise location and form part of an enterprisenetwork, and a domain proxy communicates with the SAS and the CBSDs. 12.The method of claim 8 further comprising the steps of: identifying aplurality of CBSDs that are communicating on the prohibited channel andtherefore are impacted by the channel termination order; designating aplurality of CBSDs that are not transmitting on the prohibited channel,and are allowed to increase transmission power; gradually reducing thetransmission power on said plurality of CBSDs during said time period;and gradually increasing the transmission power of said designated CBSDsto receive a handoff from a plurality of impacted UEs; wherein impactedUEs previously communicating with said impacted CBSDs can changecommunication from the impacted CBSDs to said designated CBSDs.
 13. Anapparatus in a wireless communication network for handling a channeltermination order received from a spectrum access system (SAS), thewireless communication network including a plurality of BaseStations/Access Points (BS/APs) located within an area, the BS/APscommunicating with a plurality of User Equipment devices (UEs) on aplurality of wireless channels, the channel termination orderidentifying a prohibited channel and requiring the wireless network toterminate communication on the prohibited channel within a time period,comprising: a domain proxy connected to the SAS and the BS/APs, thedomain proxy configured to communicate with the SAS and the BS/APs, andreceive the channel termination order; an Automatic Configuration Server(ACS) connected to the domain proxy and the BS/APs, the ACS configuredto manage operations of the BS/APs, the ACS also configured to: identifyat least one BS/AP that is communicating on the prohibited channel andtherefore is impacted by the channel termination order; designate atleast one of said BS/APs that is not transmitting on the prohibitedchannel, and is allowed to increase transmission power; gradually reducethe transmission power on said at least one impacted BS/AP during saidtime period to induce impacted UEs connected to said impacted BS/AP tohandoff to a non-impacted BS/AP; and gradually increase the transmissionpower of said at least one designated BS/AP to receive a handoff from atleast one of the impacted UEs so that during the time period theimpacted UEs previously communicating with said impacted BS/AP canchange communication from said impacted BS/AP to said designated BS/AP.14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the BS/APs are positioned withinan area, and further comprising: a Self-Organizing Network unitconnected to the domain proxy, ACS and BS/APs, said SON configured todefine a plurality of primary BS/APs that collectively provide wirelesscoverage substantially over the entire area, and that are authorized totransmit at higher power than other available channels; and said ACS isconfigured to designate at least one of said primary BS/APs to graduallyincrease the transmission power on a non-impacted channel.
 15. Theapparatus of claim 14, wherein: the domain proxy is configured toreceive authorization for transmission on a channel, the ACS configured,subsequent to handoff of impacted UEs, to direct said previouslyimpacted BS/AP to transmit on said authorized channel and increase thetransmission power of said authorized channel, and to direct saidprimary BS/AP to decrease transmission power, to induce UEs to handofffrom said primary BS/AP to said previously impacted BS/AP which iscurrently transmitting on said authorized channel.
 16. The apparatus ofclaim 13 wherein the ACS is further configured to: identify a pluralityof BS/APs that are communicating on the prohibited channel and thereforeare impacted by the channel termination order; designate a plurality ofBS/APs that are not transmitting on the prohibited channel, and areallowed to increase transmission power; gradually reduce thetransmission power on said plurality of BS/APs during said time period;and gradually increase the transmission power of said designated BS/APsto receive a handoff from a plurality of impacted UEs.
 17. The apparatusof claim 13 wherein the wireless network is configured to operate in onthe Citizen's Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) radio band, the BS/APscomprise CBRS Devices (CBSDs) that are located at an enterprise locationand form part of an enterprise network.
 18. The wireless communicationnetwork of claim 13 wherein said area comprises a floor space within anenterprise location, the BS/APs define at least part of an enterprisenetwork, and said BS/APs are installed within the floor space.